Security concept terms

Touch ID is a fingerprint recognition feature designed and released by Apple Inc., first introduced for the iPhone 5 and later incorporated in other Apple devices like iPads and Macbooks.

TEMPEST shielding is both the act and the material that stops electromagnetic emanations from transferring to equipment and reaching sensitive information.

TCP Wrapper is a security tool that controls access to network services based on the source of incoming connections.

System security is the practice of protecting information systems from unauthorized access, modification, or destruction.

Steganography is a method or technique that both cybercriminals and ordinary organizations use to hide information within regular files or messages.

Software-defined security is a model that implements and controls protective measures through software instead of physical hardware.

A software token, often called a soft token, is a security tool in the form of an app on devices like phones or computers.

A smart card is a physical card with an embedded integrated circuit (IC) chip that has the same function as a security token.

The Shodan search engine, also known as shodan.io or simply shodan, is a search engine specifically designed to discover and index devices connected to the internet, such as servers, routers, webcams, and other Internet of Things (IoT) devices.

A security token is a physical peripheral required to access a system, usually as part of multi-factor authentication (MFA).

Security through obscurity refers to the practice of securing systems by making the system or its underlying implementation hidden.

Security software refers to computer programs that aim to protect data, systems, and networks from unauthorized access, damage, theft, or other security threats.

A security patch, known as a software update or hotfix, represents a software module crafted to resolve vulnerabilities, bugs, or inconsistencies in existing software infrastructure.

The Security Content Automation Protocol is a safety framework that automates tasks to enhance system protection.

A Scunthorpe problem is a type of content filtering issue that occurs when a word or phrase is mistakenly blocked or flagged as inappropriate due to an unintentional presence of a substring with offensive meaning.

Sandboxing is a security technique that isolates running programs, usually in order to test or analyze them.

S/Key is a security authentication system that enhances the protection of user accounts and sensitive information.

Risktool refers to a risk management or cybersecurity tool used to identify, assess, and manage risks within an organization or system.

A Remote wipe is a security feature that lets a user remotely delete information from a device.

A privileged access workstation (PAW) is a dedicated computing environment that is used to secure virtual or physical workstations that handle sensitive tasks and data from cyberattacks and other threats.

Platform security is a security process used to ensure the safety of a computing platform, including its architecture, software, and procedures.

Passive biometrics recognizes people by their natural behaviors.

Parental controls are features or software that enable you to limit and monitor what another person does or watches online and track their web browsing history.

Obfuscation is the purposeful concealment or distortion of computer code to protect it from human and machine tampering.

Network sandboxing, sometimes called network security sandboxing or network traffic sandboxing, is a safeguarding method that segregates potentially dangerous network traffic within a virtual space, inhibiting it from making contact with the primary network.

A network intrusion protection system is hardware or software measures to protect networks from cyber attacks.

Metasploit is a popular open-source penetration testing framework used by cybersecurity professionals and ethical hackers to assess network and system vulnerabilities.

Managed file transfer (MFT) refers to a type of software or service that provides a secure and controlled way of transferring files from one computer to another over a network.

A man trap is a special security area between the protected premises and the outside world.

Logical access refers to using software-based security measures to manage user access to an app, computer system, or network.

Least privilege access is a cybersecurity principle that restricts user access rights to the minimum necessary for performing tasks.

Keychain is free password management software for Mac OS 8.6+ and iOS 7+ devices.

A key fob is a small device programmed to provide access to a physical object (e.g., a computer system, car, restricted room or area, network service, or mobile device).

A key distribution center (KDC) is a network component that helps control who can access what in a network.

IT security (or information technology security) is a set of measures and practices that organizations use to keep digital information safe from various risks and threats.

Integrity checking is testing software and files to check if they've been tampered with.

Information hiding refers to the process of limiting the user's access to certain features to prevent changes or modifications.

Information assurance is an umbrella term for the measures that preserve data confidentiality, integrity, and availability within an organization or system.

Regarding cybersecurity, IDE, or 'Integrated Development Environment', could be defined as a software platform that gives developers different tools and applications that facilitate the whole software development process, from coding, testing, debugging, and deployment.

IAM authentication, short for identity and access management authentication, is a security process that ensures only authorized entities can access certain network resources.

A hybrid active directory (AD) is a combination of on-premises AD and cloud-based Azure AD, used to manage and authenticate users, devices, and resources across both environments.

A hosts file is a computer file that maps hostnames to IP addresses, which organizations sometimes need to edit to block some websites or malicious activities overall.

A host intrusion prevention system (HIPS) is software that detects and blocks malicious activities.

Hexdump is a tool that shows data from a file or data source in an easy-to-read way.

Heuristic analysis is a technique for detecting unknown malware (or new variations of known malware) based on behavioral patterns.

A hash list is a list of hash values corresponding to individual data pieces.

Fuzz testing is an automated software testing method that bombards a program with invalid, unexpected, or random inputs.

Freeware is proprietary software that is released for free to the public.

File signature is a specific sequence of bytes in a file enabling programs to identify the file type without relying on the file extension.

A false rejection is when an authentication system denies access to someone who should be allowed in.

False acceptance ratio (FAR) is a biometric security metric that measures the rate at which a biometric authentication system incorrectly accepts an unauthorized user's attempt as valid.

An Endpoint Protection Platform is a solution that secures network endpoints, such as laptops and mobile devices, against cyber threats.

Emission security (EMSEC) is the protection of classified, sensitive, or proprietary information from being accessed by unauthorized parties through electronic emissions from systems or devices.

An electronic signature is a digital version of a person’s signature that they can use to authenticate and validate electronic documents or transactions.

Digital watermarking is the use of a marker discreetly embedded in a digital medium, such as music, video, or a picture, to allow individuals to determine the source of the copyright or the owner of the copyright.

Digest authentication is a method used to verify the identity of a user or device requesting access to a secure system, such as a website or network.

In terms of cybersecurity, “Desktop Administration” is the practice of managing the security of all individual desktop computers in the organization’s network.

A debug symbol is a special marker or label programmers add to their software programs to help them understand and troubleshoot the code.

Data transfer consists of gathering, replicating, and exchanging large data files between systems or organizations in the form of bits and bytes.

Data loss prevention (DLP) is a strategy for protecting sensitive data from being lost, stolen, or exposed to unauthorized users.

Data integrity refers to the accuracy, completeness, and consistency of data over its entire life cycle, from creation or acquisition to deletion.

Data in use refers to information that's being processed by a computer.

Data hiding is the practice of concealing information within other data, structures, or media to prevent unauthorized users from detecting or accessing the information.

Data-centric security focuses on securing the data itself rather than the network or system it resides in.

Data access is the ability of authorized users or apps to view or retrieve data from systems or databases.

Dynamic application security testing (DAST) is a process that identifies security vulnerabilities in a running application.

A cybersecurity mesh is an adaptable approach to cybersecurity, focusing on creating a more flexible and interconnected security infrastructure.

Cyber defense refers to the practices, strategies, and technologies companies and individuals use to protect their systems from cyber threats.

In a broader context, cutting-edge technology applies to the IT sector and describes the development of technological devices, software, or techniques.

A credential store is a secure digital repository that functions as a library of security data.

Copy protection is the process of preventing digital or analog content from being copied without the appropriate authorization to any other device on the same network in the realm of data security.

Container scanning, also known as container image scanning, refers to examining and reviewing container images for potential vulnerabilities, threats, and inconsistencies in their code.

Code signing refers to the process of digitally signing software in order to verify its authenticity and integrity.

Code morphing is a software obfuscation technique that protects code from reverse engineering, analysis, and cracking by constantly changing its structure.

A code generator is software that automates the process of generating source code based on input data or predefined templates.

Cloud sandboxing is a security technique that isolates a potentially malicious code execution in a virtual environment, preventing it from interacting with the underlying system.

CCTV is a TV system where signals are monitored instead of broadcasted, typically for security reasons.

Browser wars refer to the competition among web browser companies to gain dominance in the market by creating faster, more user-friendly, and feature-rich browsers.

In the field of cybersecurity, boundary protection refers to technologies and sets of measures employed to secure the whole network’s perimeter by preventing unauthorized access from various external sources.

A blocklist is a security tool that identifies and prevents unwanted or harmful entities, such as IP addresses, websites, applications, or email addresses, from accessing a network or system.

Biometric security is a way of identification using biometric data.

Biometric engines work by processing and analyzing unique physical or behavioral characteristics of people to verify their identity or authenticate their access to services and devices.

A biometric device uses measurements of a person's unique biological characteristics (such as a fingerprint) to accomplish tasks like user authentication and the recording of health and fitness data.

Biometric data is information about a person that can be used to identify them based on their unique physical features.

Biometric authentication is an authentication method that uses biometric data to verify a user’s identity.

The Biba Model is a set of rules for a computer system that helps keep information safe and accurate.

In general, Bespoke Software, also known as custom software, is software developed and designed for a specific purpose, organization, functionality, or individual user.

Application allow-listing is a list of applications that are allowed to exist or perform any actions on a device.

Application access management, often abbreviated as AAM, manages and secures user access to applications within an organization.

Antivirus is cybersecurity software designed to prevent, detect, and remove viruses from computers.

An antivirus scanner is a cybersecurity tool specifically tasked with identifying viruses on a device.

Anti-spyware is a cybersecurity tool designed to detect and remove spyware (malware that is secretly installed on a device to collect data about the user).

Anti-malware is the umbrella term for software and policies designed to protect systems from malware (malicious software like computer viruses).

Allowlisting is a security process in which users can only access a network, device, or system if they’re on a pre-approved list.

An allowlist is a security measure that specifies a set of trusted entities, such as IP addresses, websites, applications, or email addresses, that are granted permission to access a particular system or network.

An air gap is a security measure that involves isolating a computer or computer system and preventing it from connecting wirelessly and/or physically to other computers, devices, or unsecured networks, such as the internet or a local area network.

Advanced penetration testing is a type of cybersecurity test that can help discover and get rid of vulnerabilities and security weaknesses in IT systems.

Adaptive authentication is an authentication method or system that organizations use to verify user identity and authorization levels.

Activation code refers to a code used for user authentication.

Access management is the branch of cybersecurity dealing with software, hardware, and policies that control user access to computer systems.