What is signal jamming, and how does it work?

What is signal jamming?

Signal jamming is a technology that overpowers the targeted signal frequency and prevents nearby users from sending or receiving data. All devices that transmit or accept wireless signals through a particular frequency are vulnerable to jamming. Thus, jamming could target Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GPS, and radio communications.

Due to its dangerous impact, jamming is illegal in most countries. Culprits face fines and jail terms if caught using jamming equipment to disrupt wireless communications.

How does signal jamming work?

Signal jamming intentionally disrupts communications by emitting strong signals and overwhelming frequencies. Based on its operation, jamming is a type of DDoS or DoS attack halting wireless exchanges.

Deliberate interruption is also vital, as unintentional jamming is interference. The latter can occur when Wi-Fi signals are weakened by nearby devices using the same frequency.

Jamming equipment can be a relatively small device that broadcasts a continuous signal to prevent other transmissions. Some high-end products cost thousands, but there is also dangerously affordable equipment. Here are the main types of jamming systems:

• Hand-held or portable systems might affect smaller areas.
• A stationary signal jamming device can work within a bigger radius and disrupt a range of frequencies.
• Self-made devices that cover smaller areas. They likely target one or two frequencies.

How dangerous is signal jamming?

Regardless of its intention, signal jamming can be highly dangerous, especially without proper skills. For instance, people might not realize the range of the chosen jamming device.

Furthermore, testing jamming products is a delicate matter as it is a federal offense. In the United States, jammers might face both criminal and civil liabilities.

Overall, signal jamming forces people or services to go offline, and such interference can be highly alarming:

• Interference with security systems. Burglars could use jamming equipment to prevent wireless security alerts from reaching a base station. Thus, security systems cannot transfer the alert if someone tries to break in.
• Cameras go down. Jamming could overcrowd frequencies used for security cameras. Culprits can find the frequencies that security systems use simply by searching online. Security device companies need to show which frequencies they transmit signals.
• Inability to contact emergency services. Distress calls might not reach emergency responders if jamming disrupts radio communications.
• Disrupt day-to-day tasks. People might be unable to communicate with friends, family, or colleagues.
• A form of censorship. Some regimes can use signal jamming to prevent specific broadcasts or stop people from communicating.

Can you detect signal jamming?

Relating connectivity issues with signal jamming can be difficult. However, if you notice these signs, you might be a target of this attack:

• You have decent reception but cannot call or send messages. The reception bars can be lower than usual but not bad enough to halt all communications.
• Routers do not show any issues, but you cannot go online. Your internet connection might appear normal even if signal jamming occurs.
• Do not trust apps claiming to detect jamming. Apps claiming to recognize jamming are usually fake and show bogus results.
• If you suspect jamming, move further away. Most jammers work in a limited radius. So, try moving from the seemingly affected area. If the wireless communications work, you could be a victim of signal jamming.
• Call your service providers. Other underlying reasons might constitute wireless communication failures. Consult your providers about the possible causes.

How to protect yourself from signal jamming

Besides detecting when someone tries to jam your signals, you might consider some methods of prevention.

First, you can change the Wi-Fi frequency and channel. Most signal-jamming devices block the 2.4 GHz frequency. Thus, choosing 5 GHz might restore your internet connection.

Regarding home security systems, you can turn to tools that use proprietary algorithms capable of recognizing jamming. Such programs alert the owner when someone is trying to jam security systems.

Lastly, you can use VoIP services if you cannot send messages or calls. That should help evade attempts to disturb radio frequencies.