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Data collection

Data collection definition

Data collection is the process of gathering information from various sources in order to answer relevant questions, draw conclusions, and make informed decisions. It forms the foundation of any research project — and the quality and accuracy of the data are crucial. Many data collection methods exist — from surveys and interviews to observations and content analysis. Data collection is commonly used in most industries where data supports decision-making (including healthcare, retail, and finance).

See also: cloud database, database report

Data collection types

  • Surveys. Surveys involve asking participants questions about a specific topic or several topics. Examples include customer satisfaction surveys or public opinion polls.
  • Observations. An observation involves researchers watching and recording user behaviors and events as they happen. For example, a researcher might observe interactions in a classroom to understand student engagement.
  • Interviews. Researchers may interview people one-on-one or in a group to better understand the topic at hand. Interviews can be structured (with a set list of questions) or unstructured.
  • Focus groups. In a focus group, people are asked about their perceptions, opinions, beliefs, and attitudes toward a product, service, or concept.
  • Experiments. Experiments are controlled studies to understand cause and effect relationships.
  • Case studies. Case studies involve conducting a detailed analysis of a particular case or example.
  • Document and content analysis. Researchers may review documents, records, or other textual materials instead of speaking to actual people.
  • Existing databases. Some professionals may use already collected data, such as census data, for new research purposes.

Data collection and online privacy

  • As a user, it’s important to be mindful of what data is being collected about you and why.
  • Ensure you educate yourself about the basics of online privacy and common data collection methods.
  • Always read privacy policies before signing up for a service or downloading an app.
  • Companies may collect data on you via apps, so always read app permissions and check what you’re sharing with apps.
  • Websites may collect data on you using trackers and cookies. Always clear cookies and use anti-tracking software for more online privacy.