What is a VPN token?
A VPN token is an authentication tool that verifies a user’s identity before allowing access to a VPN. It provides something the user has, such as a registered phone, hardware token, smart card, or security key.
Many VPN tokens generate a one-time password (OTP) that the user enters after providing their regular login details. Others approve a notification, provide a cryptographic response, or supply a long access string for a manual VPN connection.
How do VPN tokens work?
VPN tokens add an extra step to the login process by generating an OTP. A typical token-based VPN login works like this:
- 1.The user requests access to the VPN.
- 2.The token creates a temporary code.
- 3.The user enters the code along with their usual login credentials.
- 4.The VPN server checks both the credentials and the code. If everything matches, access is granted.
VPN tokens usually rely on one of two OTP methods: TOTP, time-based codes that are valid for 30 seconds, and HOTP, event-based codes that change each time a new code is generated.
What are the types of VPN tokens?
VPN tokens are available in both hardware and software formats, and they use a variety of authentication methods to generate OTPs:
- Hardware tokens: Small portable physical devices that generate one-time passwords.
- Software tokens: Apps that run on a user's smartphone or laptop and generate one-time passwords. Software tokens are often more convenient than hardware tokens because users do not need to carry a separate device with them.
- SMS tokens: One-time passwords that are sent to a user's mobile phone as a text message. SMS tokens are often used as a backup option when other types of tokens are not available.
- Smart cards: Credit-card-sized devices that contain a microprocessor and a digital certificate or an encryption key, used to authenticate a user's identity.
- Biometric tokens: Using biometric information, like fingerprints or facial recognition, to authenticate a user. Biometric tokens are often used in combination with other types of tokens for added security.
What are the benefits of using VPN tokens?
VPN tokens add an additional check before a user can access a VPN or a private network. Their main benefits include:
- Stronger access control. VPN tokens add another layer of verification beyond just a password.
- Protection against credential theft. Stolen passwords are less useful without the token code.
- Support for security policies. Token-based authentication helps companies meet multi-factor authentication (MFA) and access control requirements.
- Works with existing VPN infrastructure. Token authentication can usually be added without replacing the VPN itself.
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