How to get into cybersecurity: A career guide

What is cybersecurity?

Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting data, computer systems, and computer networks against cyber threats. The cybersecurity industry covers all aspects of safeguarding users and their data, from advanced security tools to the professionals maintaining and operating them.

Why you should choose a career in cybersecurity

Because of increasing cyber threats, the world has a clear need for cybersecurity professionals. However, what makes a cybersecurity job so appealing? Here are key reasons why you should consider cybersecurity jobs if you're seeking a long-term career:

• High demand. Cybersecurity professionals are in demand, especially as more systems and organizations shift toward digital operations and platforms.
• Job security. Because of the high demand and growth in the digital sector, anyone with cybersecurity expertise can build a stable career in any cybersecurity role.
• Remote work opportunities. As a cybersecurity professional, you don't always have to be on-site to do your work depending upon the company. Even remote entry-level cybersecurity jobs may allow you to gain practical experience without being on-site.
• Innovative landscape. Cybersecurity professionals are always in a race against hackers to prevent the next wave of attacks. They stay updated with the latest training programs, security architecture, and strategies to improve cybersecurity practices.

Becoming a cybersecurity specialist requires dedication. However, the transferable skills inherent in the job description (such as proficiency with key tools and relevant certifications) can ensure you have a long-term, exciting, and lucrative career—even without formal education.

Cybersecurity salary outlook

Given the complexity of cybersecurity roles, even entry-level positions can offer generous salaries. Most labor statistics point to job prospects in cybersecurity as highly lucrative, with salaries ranging from around $75,000 to $120,000 annually on average.

Your salary can also increase if you have a relevant educational background, technical skills, or strong soft skills that impress hiring managers. Experience in areas like computer science or network security can further solidify your qualifications for a cybersecurity position.

How to get into cybersecurity 

The highly technical field of cybersecurity often makes interested applicants think that getting a cybersecurity job requires formal education or a background in information security, security engineering, or other related fields.

However, given cybersecurity’s rapidly evolving nature, even the most skilled professionals have started with little to no formal training or experience. Here's what you need to do to follow in their footsteps and succeed:

Research the cybersecurity environment

Any cybersecurity job requires awareness of the rapidly changing landscape. From the rising variety and sophistication of cyberattacks to the technologies being developed to counteract these threats to emerging trends like cloud security, you may need to keep track of a lot of information.

Before considering entry-level positions in cybersecurity, it’s crucial to understand the industry's challenges. Start by researching cybersecurity experts' biggest concerns, current trends, and the types of security incidents organizations are encountering.

After understanding the general cybersecurity landscape, focus on the information most relevant to the specific cybersecurity role you're applying for.

Create an educational path

Cybersecurity is always evolving. It’s driven by two main factors: the need to adapt to new technologies and systems to combat hackers and the ongoing improvement of existing security systems.

As a result, aside from practical experience, potential employers are looking for candidates with a clear educational path in mind as they progress through their careers in cybersecurity. If you don't have formal education or training, charting an academic path for yourself can be an excellent way to address this potential gap.

Get cybersecurity-related certifications

Certifications serve as proof of your technical cybersecurity skills. They also strengthen your future job prospects within the field. Cybersecurity certifications ensure that you have the core foundations necessary to thrive in any cybersecurity role, while further training helps you acquire the skills you lack.

Some well-recognized entry-level certifications are the CompTIA Security+, GIAC Security Essentials Certification (GSEC) and the Systems Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP) courses. These certifications offer foundational knowledge in key IT skills needed to work with cybersecurity tools and systems.

You can get additional certifications related to your specific role in cybersecurity. For example, a certified information security manager can get training and certification in management skills to help them better communicate security practices to their organization's employees.

Start learning cybersecurity tools and software

The specific tools you'll use as a cybersecurity specialist will differ depending on your chosen role. However, you must be familiar with core tools, software, and systems that support your day-to-day work.

Some essential tools include:

• Antivirus software.
• Firewalls (network firewalls, web application firewalls, or next-gen firewalls).
• Penetration testing software.
• Vulnerability detection tools.
• Encryption software.
• Network monitoring software.

Companies typically have a preferred provider or tool for their cybersecurity operations. So choose training or certifications that establish a strong foundation in operating these tools and software, then look up the most popular or preferred tool your job uses.

The soft skills needed to operate the above tools and software are just as important as the technical skills needed to operate them. Learning proper risk analysis, identifying network vulnerabilities, or informing others about the proper incident response can significantly improve how you use cybersecurity tools.

Focus on networking and professional development

Cybersecurity is a collaborative field. While much of the work can be done individually, the interdependence of security systems means it's important to have a network of cybersecurity professionals to consult and share insights, especially when new threats or technologies emerge.

Joining cybersecurity associations like the Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA) and the International Information System Security Certification Consortium (ISC2) can be a great way to meet other cybersecurity professionals and expand your network.

Even if you don't gain formal membership in these associations, attending cybersecurity conferences and meetups offers an excellent avenue for professional growth. These events give you a good idea of where to get the newest certifications for your role or other opportunities to develop soft skills critical for success.

Build a cybersecurity career path

Many cybersecurity specialists kickstart their careers in IT roles, whether technical or non-technical. Simply having a background in IT is a strong stepping stone toward paving a career in cybersecurity.

As you gain more experience in cybersecurity, it's beneficial to specialize in specific career paths. Front-facing roles, such as system administrators, can specialize in information systems analysis. Developers can choose to specialize in application security. Auditors can branch out into fields like digital forensics to better utilize their core competencies.

Because cybersecurity is continuously evolving, diverse skill sets are crucial to address the challenges of your specific role. At the same time, it's vital to have an understanding of cybersecurity fundamentals so that you can better adapt to different security environments. Other avenues for gaining knowledge include cybersecurity podcasts and cybersecurity books.

Cybersecurity skills you need to get started 

To get started in cybersecurity, you'll need two skills: the technical skills to work with cybersecurity tools and systems and the soft skills to make the best judgment about when and where to apply your practical knowledge.

Cybersecurity technical skills

Here's a quick overview of useful technical skills if you’re trying to get into the field of cybersecurity.

Programming and scripting languages: JavaScript, Perl, PHP, Python, and PowerShell

Scripting and programming languages are not the same — scripts are typically used to execute smaller tasks, while programming languages form the backbone of applications. Familiarity with at least one programming and scripting language can help you better understand the coding fundamentals required in cybersecurity roles.

Networking fundamentals: Wired/wireless networks, VPNs, network topologies, and network encryption

Network security can involve ensuring seamless connectivity on a local area network (LAN) or setting up complex systems like PoE switches. Knowing the correct networking fundamentals for your job makes your day-to-day tasks more manageable.

Operating systems: Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, and iOS

Familiarity with different operating systems is a core competency that all cybersecurity specialists should have. Even just ensuring that your organization's security protocols work seamlessly across different devices is a crucial skill that can help you land more advanced cybersecurity roles.

Cybersecurity tools and software: Threat detection tools, packet sniffers, and network monitoring tools

Most organizations run their IT departments or cybersecurity teams using a preferred tool or software for day-to-day or long-term tasks. While the tools will vary depending on your chosen organization and role, understanding their core concepts is often enough to begin working in entry-level cybersecurity jobs.

Cybersecurity soft skills

Here's a quick overview of useful soft skills if you’re trying to get into the field of cybersecurity.

Problem-solving and analytical skills

While cybercriminals' methods of attacking networks change, human error remains a constant vulnerability. As a cybersecurity specialist, you need to develop problem-solving and analytical skills to effectively use security software and tools—usually in response to human vulnerabilities in your system.

Attention to detail

In an era of rampant automation, cybersecurity professionals must prioritize paying attention to detail. Being detail-oriented allows you to better use online security tools to protect the systems you are responsible for while also giving you the foresight to anticipate threats.

Ability to communicate technical terms

Cybersecurity is a highly technical field, and most employees will need help understanding its complexities. As a cybersecurity specialist, it's your job to communicate the importance of security practices to your colleagues.

Ethical understanding and integrity

As a cybersecurity professional, you protect sensitive data and information. You must uphold ethical integrity and apply the best security practices to address long-term security concerns, especially in roles like a certified ethical hacker specializing in penetration testing, where these principles are essential.

Cybersecurity is a career that remains vital

With information systems facing more security threats than ever, cybersecurity professionals play a key role in making decisions that help keep users and their data safe. And while the field can be demanding, its broad scope means that almost anyone can build a career in cybersecurity.

Once you understand the fundamentals needed to work within the cybersecurity industry, you can gradually build on them with more advanced technical expertise and certifications. Starting a career in cybersecurity may be challenging, but remaining committed can lead to a highly rewarding and secure career path.

For more information on how to advance your cybersecurity career, take a look at our other guides, like how to become an ethical hacker or what our cybersecurity predictions for 2024 looked like. Alternatively, you can check the NordVPN YouTube channel to get answers to questions you might ask a cybersecurity expert.