Peer-to-peer
(also P2P)
Peer-to-peer definition
Peer-to-peer (P2P) is a decentralized networking architecture in which unique devices, or peers, directly share resources and data with each other without the need for a central server or authority. P2P networks are commonly used for file sharing, communication, and distributed computing applications.
Peer-to-peer examples
- File sharing: P2P networks are widely used for sharing large files.
- Communication: Messaging applications, such as Skype and Signal, use P2P networks to facilitate direct communication between users.
- Distributed computing: P2P networks enable the distribution of computing tasks across multiple devices, as seen in projects like SETI@home and Folding@home.
Comparing peer-to-peer to client-server architecture
P2P networks distribute resources and responsibilities among peers, while client-server architectures rely on a central server to manage resources and communication. P2P networks offer increased fault tolerance and scalability but may suffer from slower data transfer speeds and potential security risks. Client-server architectures provide faster data transfer speeds and centralized control but may have single points of failure and scalability issues.
Pros and cons of peer-to-peer
Pros:
- Increased fault tolerance and redundancy.
- Scalability.
- Lesser reliance on centralized servers.
Cons:
- Slower data transfer speeds.
- Potential security risks.
- Legal issues with sharing copyrighted content.