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Static routing

Static routing definition

Static routing is an IP-based routing system that relies on manually configured routing tables to function. Static routers are routers that do not dynamically reroute traffic. Smaller networks with only several routers, or networks where security is a top priority, often utilize static routers. Static routers do not share routing information with one another, thus, each one must be configured and maintained independently. Static routes, in contrast to the dynamic outing, do not alter when the network infrastructure is adjusted. Neither static nor dynamic routing is incompatible with the other. A router would typically employ both dynamic and static routing to maximize routing efficiency while also providing backups if that dynamic routing information cannot be transmitted. Static routing is also useful for providing a gateway of last resort or for use in stub networks.

Functions of static routing:

  • If no other routes are needed or accessible, utilizing a static routing can set a destination outside of the router. A default route describes this situation.
  • Static routing is used as a backup to dynamic routing if it fails.
  • Static routing helps transfer routing information between routing protocols (routing redistribution).
  • Static routing is used when small networks only need one or two routes. This is more efficient than exchanging dynamic routing information over a link.

Benefits of static routing:

  • Static routing requires less CPU and sends no traffic to other routers.
  • Network administrators have full control over static routing.
  • Small networks easily configure static routing.

Drawbacks of static routing:

  • Static routes are often manually configured, which increases input mistakes. Administrators can mistype network information or configure routing pathways.
  • Static routing is unreliable. Traffic is not rerouted when the network changes or two statically declared devices fail.
  • Static routes usually preempt dynamic routes. Static routes may disrupt routing protocols.
  • Each network router needs static routes making this configuration time-consuming. Reconfiguration is slow and inefficient.

See also: dynamic routing, routing table